Constipation is a gastrointestinal problem characterized by infrequent bowel movements, which can be less than three times a week. The stool consistency may be hard and dry, and one may find it difficult or painful to pass it. Moreover, chronic constipation may last several weeks and usually affects a person’s quality of life. Constipation is a curable condition and the cause and severity of the condition may vary from person to person.

Constipation signs

• Inability to pass stool
  The obvious sign of constipation is hard stool that may be painful to pass. Those who are constipated may feel the urge to go to the bathroom but may find it difficult to pass stool.
• Dry stool consistency
  The usual stool consistency of a constipated person is hard and dry, and it may require strain to empty the bowel. Additionally, bowel movement is also hampered.
• Inability to pass gas and bloating
  An inability to pass gas is a common sign of constipation and this can cause bloating or abdominal discomfort. These symptoms may lead one to feel full quicker than usual after eating regular meals. One may also experience cramping or stomach aches.
• Sluggishness and loss of appetite
  Since the waste matter is not pushed out of the system, it may lead one to feel sluggish. Moreover, loss of appetite is a common sign of constipation.
• Rectal bleeding
  In extreme cases, one may experience rectal bleeding due to straining during bowel movement and this can lead to minor tears in the anus.

Lower back pain, fever, and vomiting are some other signs of chronic constipation that should prompt one to see a healthcare professional. Proper and on-time treatment can also help one to address any underlying cause of the condition.

Causes of constipation

• Staying dehydrated
  Water helps in softening stool, and a lack of it or dehydration in the body can lead to constipation. The usual recommended water intake is eight to ten glasses per day, but the requirement may vary from person to person. Eating water-rich foods like melons, soups, and other unsweetened drinks can also help prevent or manage constipation.
• Eating too much fiber
  While fiber is essential to regulate bowel movement, having too much of it suddenly when one experiences constipation can lead to bloating, cramping, and gas. Doctors usually advise increasing fiber intake slowly, with not more than 5 grams each day.
• Being physically inactive
  A sedentary lifestyle is one of the major causes of constipation. Physical activity—especially yoga and stretching exercises—stimulates the digestive system and promotes bowel movement.
• Eating processed foods excessively
  Processed foods are high in fat and have almost no nutritional value or water content, which makes them stay in one’s intestines for a long time and cause constipation.
• Not managing stress
  Relaxed muscles ensure smoother and quicker bowel movements. Chronic stress, on the other hand, does not allow one’s muscles to relax, leading to constipation.

Apart from these causes, colon or rectum blockages or any tear around the anus may also slow down one’s bowel movement. So, it is important to consult a doctor if one experiences chronic constipation as it may be a sign of an underlying health condition that may require prompt treatment.